Paying Attention to
Attention
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Mark Foltz |
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mfoltz@ai.mit.edu |
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April 17, 2002 |
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Intelligent Room HCI Group |
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Demos!!!
Attention – What is it?
Attention – What is it?
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A central aspect of our mental life |
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Visual and speech perception,
discourse, … |
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Competition between salience
(stimulus-driven) and intention (goal-driven) |
Attention Is Crucial for
HCI
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Bandwidth mismatch |
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No Moore’s Law for humans |
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Pervasive = more info sources, more
competition for attention |
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A research opportunity |
Agenda
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“Query by Attention,” Foltz and Davis
2001 |
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“Notification, Disruption, and Memory,”
Cutrell, Czerwinski, Horvitz 2001 |
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Discussion/Brainstorming: Implications
for E21 |
Perceptual Filtering
Information Filtering
Slide 9
Why Query by Attention?
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User controls attention, instead of
manipulating an interface |
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Rapid adjustment of query parameters |
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Immediate feedback |
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Can lead to more complete exploration
of info space |
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Mapping Information to
Perception
Mapping Information to
Perception
Mapping Information to
Perception
Mapping Information to
Perception
Mapping Information to
Perception
Slide 16
Interruptions: Issues
Interruptions: Issues
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Interrupt or not? |
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If so, when (now or later)? |
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Interruptions: Issues
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Interrupt or not? |
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If so, when (now or later)? |
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And whom (individual, group, a
delegate)? |
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Interruptions: Issues
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Interrupt or not? |
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If so, when (now or later)? |
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And whom (individual, group, a
delegate)? |
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And, how can we remember where we were? |
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Interruptions: policies
Interruptions: policies
Cutrell: Interrupting
List Search
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Task |
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Subjects search a list of book titles |
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Given either a title or a description
(gist) |
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While being interrupted |
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Conditions (2 x 2 x 2) |
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Title vs. gist search |
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Cursor vs. no cursor |
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Interruptions vs. no interruptions |
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16 subjects |
Findings
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Gist search has a high reaction time |
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Title search has a high recovery time |
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Interruptions are more disruptive early
in the primary task |
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More reminders requested |
Design Principles for
Attention:
Conveying information
"Don’t interrupt
early in the..."
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Don’t interrupt early in the primary
task. |
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Focus the interruption on whom it
affects. |
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Assist swap-in. |
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Record the context before the
interruption. |
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Create a virtual secretary. |
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E.g., knows the priority of the current
meeting. |
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Group interruptions by topic. |
Further Reading